There are three naturally occurring tetracyclines (oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, and demethylchlortetracycline) and several that are derived semisynthetically (tetracycline, rolitetracycline, methacycline, minocycline, doxycycline, lymecycline, etc). Elimination times permit a further classification into short-acting (tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline), intermediate-acting (demethylchlortetracycline and methacycline), and long-acting (doxycycline and minocycline). The newest class of tetracycline-related antimicrobials are the glycylcyclines, represented by tigecycline, which contains a bulky side chain compared with minocycline.
Description
All of the tetracycline derivatives are crystalline, yellowish, amphoteric substances that, in aqueous solution, form salts with both acids and bases. They characteristically fluoresce when exposed to ultraviolet light. The most common salt form is the hydrochloride, except for doxycycline, which is available as doxycycline hyclate or monohydrate. The tetracyclines are stable as dry powders but not in aqueous solution, particularly at higher pH ranges (7–8.5). Preparations for parenteral administration must be carefully formulated, often in propylene glycol or polyvinyl pyrrolidone with additional dispersing agents, to provide stable solutions.
Tetracyclines form poorly soluble chelates with bivalent and trivalent cations, particularly calcium, magnesium, aluminum, and iron. Doxycycline and minocycline exhibit the greatest liposolubility and better penetration of bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus than does the group as a whole. This may contribute to their efficacy in treatment of gingival diseases that may be associated with bacterial glycocalyx. Tigecycline is a glycylcycline derivative of minocycline; its large side chain decreases the risk of resistance. Tetracycline is rapidly absorbed and effective in the treatment of many diseases due to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, spirochetes, rickettsia and some chlamydia.
Features of Tetracycline For Sheep
Tetracycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic from the same family as oxytetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, and others. The tetracycline antibiotics are bacteriostatic. Their mechanism of action is through the reversible binding of bacterial 30S ribosomes and the alteration of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. Tetracycline antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections due to aerobic, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, mycoplasma, rickettsiae, chlamydia, and some protozoa. Doxycycline and minocycline have greater lipid solubility than tetracycline and may be more effective against some Staphylococcal infections. Certain gram-negative bacteria, particularly Pseudomonas and some enteric bacteria, are resistant to tetracycline.
Tetracycline is well-absorbed after oral administration, although the presence of food, and particularly dairy products, will reduce oral absorption. Tetracycline is excreted through the kidneys and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Tetracycline antibiotics are widely distributed throughout the body, although therapeutic levels may not be reached in the central nervous system. Doxycycline and minocycline may reach higher levels in some of the ore difficult to penetrate tissues such as the prostate and eye.
Uses/benefits of Tetracycline For Sheep
Proven to be tissue-friendly; 72-96 hours efficacy. CLAS container (light, shock-resistant, easy handling, ensures stability of the active ingredient–hence long shelf life of 3 years; Treatment and prevention (block treatment) of Heartwater, Pneumonia, Foot rot, Navel Ill and Joint Ill, Uterine infections and most other susceptible bacterial infections.
Tetracycline Indications
As an aid in the treatment of infections caused by or associated with microorganisms sensitive to Tetracycline HCl. Chickens and turkeys: Chronic respiratory disease (CRD), bluecomb, cholera, enteritis and hexamitiasis.Swine, calves, sheep and lambs: Enteritis (diarrhea) and respiratory diseases.
Side Effects
- Side effects due to oral tetracycline use are generally related to GI tract. These include nausea, anorexia, vomiting, and diarrhea.
- Cats may not tolerate oral tetracycline as well as dogs. Cats may also develop fever, abdominal pain, hair loss, and depression.
- Systemic use of tetracycline antibiotics may be associated with increased photosensitivity and, rarely, with urolith formation, blood dyscrasias, and hepatotoxicity.
Prices of Tetracycline For Sheep
$34.99 – $122.99